electrophoresis+reagents+HyClone+products+(Cytiva)

Description:   Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti-apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Upon DNA damage, activates the promoter of the death-promoting transcription factor BCLAF1/Btf to trigger BCLAF1-mediated p53/TP53 gene transcription and apoptosis. In response to oxidative stress, interact with and activate CHUK/IKKA in the nucleus, causing the phosphorylation of p53/TP53. In the case of ER stress or DNA damage-induced apoptosis, can form a complex with the tyrosine-protein kinase ABL1 which trigger apoptosis independently of p53/TP53. In cytosol can trigger apoptosis by activating MAPK11 or MAPK14, inhibiting AKT1 and decreasing the level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), whereas in nucleus induces apoptosis via the activation of MAPK8 or MAPK9. Upon ionizing radiation treatment, is required for the activation of the apoptosis regulators BAX and BAK, which trigger the mitochondrial cell death pathway. Can phosphorylate MCL1 and target it for degradation which is sufficient to trigger for BAX activation and apoptosis. Is required for the control of cell cycle progression both at G1/S and G2/M phases. Mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by up-regulating the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 and inhibiting the cyclin CCNA2 promoter activity. In response to UV irradiation can phosphorylate CDK1, which is important for the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint activation. Can protect glioma cells from the apoptosis induced by TNFSF10/TRAIL, probably by inducing increased phosphorylation and subsequent activation of AKT1. Is highly expressed in a number of cancer cells and promotes cell survival and resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs by inducing cyclin D1 (CCND1) and hyperphosphorylation of RB1, and via several pro-survival pathways, including NF-kappa-B, AKT1 and MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2). Can also act as tumor suppressor upon mitogenic stimulation with PMA or TPA. In N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-treated cells, is required for NCF1 (p47-phox) phosphorylation and activation of NADPH oxidase activity, and regulates TNF-elicited superoxide anion production in neutrophils, by direct phosphorylation and activation of NCF1 or indirectly through MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways. May also play a role in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in eosinophil after stimulation with IL5, leukotriene B4 or PMA. In collagen-induced platelet aggregation, acts a negative regulator of filopodia formation and actin polymerization by interacting with and negatively regulating VASP phosphorylation. Downstream of PAR1, PAR4 and CD36/GP4 receptors, regulates differentially platelet dense granule secretion; acts as a positive regulator in PAR-mediated granule secretion, whereas it negatively regulates CD36/GP4-mediated granule release. Phosphorylates MUC1 in the C-terminal and regulates the interaction between MUC1 and beta-catenin.

Description:   This MAb recognizes human 17-26 kDa protein, which is identified as cytokine TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha). TNF-alpha can be expressed as a 17 kDa free molecule, or as a 26 kDa membrane protein. TNF-alpha is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Description:   Acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSs) are a large family of related enzymes known to catalyze the fundamental initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism. The ACS family is roughly characterized based on fatty acid chain length preference amongst different members. The nomenclature in the ACS family reflects this relationship and includes short-chain ACS (ACSS), medium-chain ACS (ACSM), long-chain ACS (ACSL) and very long-chain ACS (ACSVL). ACSVL family members are capable of activating both long (LCFAs) and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). There are six members of the human ACSVL subfamily, which have been described as solute carrier family 27A (SLC27A) gene products. They represent a group of evolutionarily conserved fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) recognized for their role in facilitating translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. The family nomenclature has recently been unified with their respective acyl-CoA synthetase family designations: ACSVL1 (FATP2), ACSVL2 (FATP6), ACSVL3 (FATP3), ACSVL4 (FATP1), ACSVL5 (FATP4) and ACSVL6 (FATP5). ACSVLs have unique expression patterns and are found in major organs of fatty acid metabolism, such as adipose tissue, liver, heart and kidney. ACSVL2 is a 619 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein. Encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 5q23.3, ACSVL2 may function as the predominant fatty acid protein transporter in heart.

Description:   Acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSs) are a large family of related enzymes known to catalyze the fundamental initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism. The ACS family is roughly characterized based on fatty acid chain length preference amongst different members. The nomenclature in the ACS family reflects this relationship and includes short-chain ACS (ACSS), medium-chain ACS (ACSM), long-chain ACS (ACSL) and very long-chain ACS (ACSVL). ACSVL family members are capable of activating both long (LCFAs) and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). There are six members of the human ACSVL subfamily, which have been described as solute carrier family 27A (SLC27A) gene products. They represent a group of evolutionarily conserved fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) recognized for their role in facilitating translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. The family nomenclature has recently been unified with their respective acyl-CoA synthetase family designations: ACSVL1 (FATP2), ACSVL2 (FATP6), ACSVL3 (FATP3), ACSVL4 (FATP1), ACSVL5 (FATP4) and ACSVL6 (FATP5). ACSVLs have unique expression patterns and are found in major organs of fatty acid metabolism, such as adipose tissue, liver, heart and kidney. ACSVL2 is a 619 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein. Encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 5q23.3, ACSVL2 may function as the predominant fatty acid protein transporter in heart.

Description:   The yolk of eggs laid by immunized chickens has been recognized as an excellent source of antibodies Specific antibodies produced in chickens offer several important advantages over producing antibodies in other mammals. Because a single egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit, this simple, non-invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody production methods. Purification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), the 150 kDa IgG homolog, does not require animal bleeding. In addition, the eggs from immunized chickens provide a continual, daily source of antibody, and this convenient approach offers greater compatibility with animal protection regulations. Due to the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals, there is greater potential of producing a higher percentage of specific antibody against mammalian antigens when using chickens. Highly conserved mammalian proteins sometimes fail to illicit a humoral response in animals, such as rabbits, that are traditionally used for generating antibodies. Non-specific binding and need for cross-species immunoabsorptions is eliminated since chicken IgY does not cross-react with mammalian IgG and does not bind bacterial or mammalian Fc receptors. There are well defined structural differences of IgY-type immunoglobulins and the IgG of mammals. That includes the molar mass of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins. The IgY-type immunoglobulins are much less flexible than IgG. Also, the structures of the Fc part of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgY and IgG are different.

Description:   The yolk of eggs laid by immunized chickens has been recognized as an excellent source of antibodies Specific antibodies produced in chickens offer several important advantages over producing antibodies in other mammals. Because a single egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit, this simple, non-invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody production methods. Purification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), the 150 kDa IgG homolog, does not require animal bleeding. In addition, the eggs from immunized chickens provide a continual, daily source of antibody, and this convenient approach offers greater compatibility with animal protection regulations. Due to the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals, there is greater potential of producing a higher percentage of specific antibody against mammalian antigens when using chickens. Highly conserved mammalian proteins sometimes fail to illicit a humoral response in animals, such as rabbits, that are traditionally used for generating antibodies. Non-specific binding and need for cross-species immunoabsorptions is eliminated since chicken IgY does not cross-react with mammalian IgG and does not bind bacterial or mammalian Fc receptors. There are well defined structural differences of IgY-type immunoglobulins and the IgG of mammals. That includes the molar mass of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins. The IgY-type immunoglobulins are much less flexible than IgG. Also, the structures of the Fc part of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgY and IgG are different.

Description:   The yolk of eggs laid by immunized chickens has been recognized as an excellent source of antibodies Specific antibodies produced in chickens offer several important advantages over producing antibodies in other mammals. Because a single egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit, this simple, non-invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody production methods. Purification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), the 150 kDa IgG homolog, does not require animal bleeding. In addition, the eggs from immunized chickens provide a continual, daily source of antibody, and this convenient approach offers greater compatibility with animal protection regulations. Due to the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals, there is greater potential of producing a higher percentage of specific antibody against mammalian antigens when using chickens. Highly conserved mammalian proteins sometimes fail to illicit a humoral response in animals, such as rabbits, that are traditionally used for generating antibodies. Non-specific binding and need for cross-species immunoabsorptions is eliminated since chicken IgY does not cross-react with mammalian IgG and does not bind bacterial or mammalian Fc receptors. There are well defined structural differences of IgY-type immunoglobulins and the IgG of mammals. That includes the molar mass of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins. The IgY-type immunoglobulins are much less flexible than IgG. Also, the structures of the Fc part of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgY and IgG are different.

Description:   Thermo Scientific Pierce SDAD (NHS-SS-Diazirine) combines proven NHS-ester and diazirine-based photoreaction chemistries with conjugate amine-containing molecules with nearly any other functional group via long-wave UV-light activation. A 13.5Å spacer arm containing a cleavable disulfide bond separates the two photoreactive groups.

Description:   Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role in the selection and maturation of developing T-cells in the thymus and in the function of mature T-cells. Plays a key role in T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-linked signal transduction pathways. Constitutively associated with the cytoplasmic portions of the CD4 and CD8 surface receptors. Association of the TCR with a peptide antigen-bound MHC complex facilitates the interaction of CD4 and CD8 with MHC class II and class I molecules, respectively, thereby recruiting the associated LCK protein to the vicinity of the TCR/CD3 complex. LCK then phosphorylates tyrosines residues within the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAM) of the cytoplasmic tails of the TCR-gamma chains and CD3 subunits, initiating the TCR/CD3 signaling pathway. Once stimulated, the TCR recruits the tyrosine kinase ZAP7, that becomes phosphorylated and activated by LCK. Following this, a large number of signaling molecules are recruited, ultimately leading to lymphokine production. LCK also contributes to signaling by other receptor molecules. Associates directly with the cytoplasmic tail of CD2, which leads to hyperphosphorylation and activation of LCK. Also plays a role in the IL2 receptor-linked signaling pathway that controls the T-cell proliferative response. Binding of IL2 to its receptor results in increased activity of LCK. Is expressed at all stages of thymocyte development and is required for the regulation of maturation events that are governed by both pre-TCR and mature alpha beta TCR. Phosphorylates other substrates including RUNX3, PTK2B/PYK2, the microtubule-associated protein MAPT, RHOH or TYROBP.

Description:   This antibody neutralizes TNF alpha biological activities. It prevents TNF alpha induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. It also neutralizes HurTNFamediated cytotoxicity of L929 cells and inhibits tumor growth in mice. It protects mice against toxicity of HurTNFa. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.

Description:   Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. DSG2 is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, three desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This second family member is expressed in colon, colon carcinoma, and other simple and stratified epithelial-derived cell lines.Desmosomes are cell-cell junctions between epithelial, myocardial, and certain other cell types. This gene product is a calcium-binding transmembrane glycoprotein component of desmosomes in vertebrate epithelial cells. Currently, three desmoglein subfamily members have been identified and all are members of the cadherin cell adhesion molecule superfamily. These desmoglein gene family members are located in a cluster on chromosome 18. This second family member is expressed in colon, colon carcinoma, and other simple and stratified epithelial-derived cell lines. Mutations in this gene have been associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, familial, 10. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.

Description:   Thermo Scientific Pierce DSG is a water-insoluble, homo-bifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS-ester) crosslinker often used for conjugating radiolabeled ligands to cell-surface receptors. The NHS ester is the simplest and most commonly used reactive group for crosslinking and labeling proteins and peptides. NHS esters react with primary amines on the N-termini of peptides and the  amine of lysine residues, forming a stable, covalent amide bond and releasing the NHS group.

Description:   Granular.