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electrophoresis+reagents+HyClone+products+(Cytiva)
Catalog Number:
(89362-416)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
The yolk of eggs laid by immunized chickens has been recognized as an excellent source of antibodies Specific antibodies produced in chickens offer several important advantages over producing antibodies in other mammals. Because a single egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit, this simple, non-invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody production methods. Purification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), the 150 kDa IgG homolog, does not require animal bleeding. In addition, the eggs from immunized chickens provide a continual, daily source of antibody, and this convenient approach offers greater compatibility with animal protection regulations. Due to the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals, there is greater potential of producing a higher percentage of specific antibody against mammalian antigens when using chickens. Highly conserved mammalian proteins sometimes fail to illicit a humoral response in animals, such as rabbits, that are traditionally used for generating antibodies. Non-specific binding and need for cross-species immunoabsorptions is eliminated since chicken IgY does not cross-react with mammalian IgG and does not bind bacterial or mammalian Fc receptors. There are well defined structural differences of IgY-type immunoglobulins and the IgG of mammals. That includes the molar mass of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins. The IgY-type immunoglobulins are much less flexible than IgG. Also, the structures of the Fc part of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgY and IgG are different.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody neutralises HurTNFamediated cytotoxicity of L929 cells and inhibits tumour growth in mice. It protects mice against toxicity of HurTNFa. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®594 is a deep red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 593/614 nm). It yields the brightest conjugates among spectrally similar dyes, and has excellent photostability.
Supplier:
Ricca Chemical
Description:
APHA, ASTM. For use with ceric sulfate, iron (II) ammonium sulfate and potassium dichromate titrants.
Catalog Number:
(CA600-146-215)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
The emission spectra for this DyLight® conjugate match the principle output wavelengths of most common fluorescence instrumentation.
Catalog Number:
(CA200-346-215)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
The emission spectra for this DyLight® conjugate match the principle output wavelengths of most common fluorescence instrumentation.
Catalog Number:
(CA100-401-A15)
Supplier:
Rockland Immunochemical
Description:
This antibody reacts with human APC11 by western blot and immunoprecipitation. The antibody immunoprecipitates in vitro translated Protein and Protein from overexpressing cell lysates (using HeLa and NIH-3T3, and others).
Catalog Number:
(89362-224)
Supplier:
Genetex
Description:
The yolk of eggs laid by immunized chickens has been recognized as an excellent source of antibodies Specific antibodies produced in chickens offer several important advantages over producing antibodies in other mammals. Because a single egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit, this simple, non-invasive approach presents an appealing alternative to conventional antibody production methods. Purification of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY), the 150 kDa IgG homolog, does not require animal bleeding. In addition, the eggs from immunized chickens provide a continual, daily source of antibody, and this convenient approach offers greater compatibility with animal protection regulations. Due to the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals, there is greater potential of producing a higher percentage of specific antibody against mammalian antigens when using chickens. Highly conserved mammalian proteins sometimes fail to illicit a humoral response in animals, such as rabbits, that are traditionally used for generating antibodies. Non-specific binding and need for cross-species immunoabsorptions is eliminated since chicken IgY does not cross-react with mammalian IgG and does not bind bacterial or mammalian Fc receptors. There are well defined structural differences of IgY-type immunoglobulins and the IgG of mammals. That includes the molar mass of the heavy chains of the immunoglobulins. The IgY-type immunoglobulins are much less flexible than IgG. Also, the structures of the Fc part of the immunoglobulin isotypes IgY and IgG are different.
Catalog Number:
(10349-688)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
MSK1 is a mitogen and stress activated protein kinase 1 which belongs to the AGC family of kinases and is related in structure to the ribosomal p70 S6 kinase subfamily. MSK1 can be activated by ERK1/2 and SAPK2/p38 MAP kinase. It is also known to be required for the phosphorylation of CREB, ATF1 H3 and HMG14 in response to mitogen and stress. Similar to RSK, MSK1 contains two kinase domains (N term and a C term). Once phosphorylated on Thr581 and Ser360 by ERK1/2 and SAPK2/p38, MSK1 autophosphorylate on at least 5 sites. Of these autophosphorylation sites Ser212 and Ser376 get phosphorylated by the C terminal kinase domain of MSK1 which is essential for the catalytic activity of the N terminal kinase domain. MSK2 plays an essential role in the control of RELA transcriptional activity in response to TNF. Phosphorylates 'Ser-10' of histone H3 in response to mitogenics, stress stimuli and EGF, which results in the transcriptional activation of several immediate early genes, including proto-oncogenes c-fos/FOS and c-jun/JUN. May also phosphorylate 'Ser-28' of histone H3. Mediates the mitogen- and stress-induced phosphorylation of high mobility group protein 1 (HMGN1/HMG14). In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated primary macrophages, acts downstream of the Toll-like receptor TLR4 to limit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Functions probably by inducing transcription of the MAP kinase phosphatase DUSP1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10), via CREB1 and ATF1 transcription factors.
Catalog Number:
(10488-152)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Acyl-coenzyme A synthetases (ACSs) are a large family of related enzymes known to catalyze the fundamental initial reaction in fatty acid metabolism. The ACS family is roughly characterized based on fatty acid chain length preference amongst different members. The nomenclature in the ACS family reflects this relationship and includes short-chain ACS (ACSS), medium-chain ACS (ACSM), long-chain ACS (ACSL) and very long-chain ACS (ACSVL). ACSVL family members are capable of activating both long (LCFAs) and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). There are six members of the human ACSVL subfamily, which have been described as solute carrier family 27A (SLC27A) gene products. They represent a group of evolutionarily conserved fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) recognized for their role in facilitating translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane. The family nomenclature has recently been unified with their respective acyl-CoA synthetase family designations: ACSVL1 (FATP2), ACSVL2 (FATP6), ACSVL3 (FATP3), ACSVL4 (FATP1), ACSVL5 (FATP4) and ACSVL6 (FATP5). ACSVLs have unique expression patterns and are found in major organs of fatty acid metabolism, such as adipose tissue, liver, heart and kidney. ACSVL2 is a 619 amino acid multi-pass membrane protein. Encoded by a gene that maps to human chromosome 5q23.3, ACSVL2 may function as the predominant fatty acid protein transporter in heart.
Catalog Number:
(10104-154)
Supplier:
Prosci
Description:
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. Substrate specificity is the primary characteristic used to define members of this gene family. ACADSB has the greatest activity towards the short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative, (S)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, but also reacts significantly with other 2-methyl branched chain substrates and with short straight chain acyl-CoAs.Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADSB) is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family of enzymes that catalyze the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA derivatives in the metabolism of fatty acids or branch chained amino acids. Substrate specificity is the primary characteristic used to define members of this gene family. The ACADSB gene product has the greatest activity towards the short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative, (S)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, but also reacts significantly with other 2-methyl branched chain substrates and with short straight chain acyl-CoAs. The cDNA encodes for a mitochondrial precursor protein which is cleaved upon mitochondrial import and predicted to yield a mature peptide of approximately 43.7-kDa. Sequence Note: The 3' UTR extension represented by the RefSeq transcript record was derived from genomic sequence data to optimize consistency to the reference genome assembly. The extent of the UTR extension and the location of the polyA site was based on transcript alignments.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody recognizes an epitope on the extracellular domain of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR). Lutropin (also designated luteinizing hormone) plays a role in spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to produce steroids. Gonadotropin (also designated choriogonadotropin) production in the placenta maintains estrogen and progesterone levels during the first trimester of pregnancy. Ovaries and testes abundantly express luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. GnRH receptor contains seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains connected by hydrophilic extracellular and intracellular loops characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. GnRH stimulates the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). GnRH influences the protective effect of pregnancy and Gonadotropin against breast cancer. The expression of GnRH on breast carcinoma correlates in part to the degree of tumor differentiation. GnRH-positive breast tumors occur more frequently in tumors with greater cell differentiation in premenopausal women. GnRH is present in luteal and granulosa cells as well as in ovarian cell membrane preparations.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®405S is a blue fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 404/431 nm) with superior brightness compared to other blue dyes; it is also compatible with super-resolution imaging by SIM. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Supplier:
Biotium
Description:
This antibody neutralizes TNF alpha biological activities. It prevents TNF alpha induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. It also neutralizes HurTNFamediated cytotoxicity of L929 cells and inhibits tumor growth in mice. It protects mice against toxicity of HurTNFa. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production.
CF® dyes are Biotium's next-generation fluorescent dyes. CF®640R is a far-red fluorescent dye (Ex/Em 642/662 nm) with excellent brightness, and the best photostabiity among spectrally-similar dyes.
Supplier:
Enzo Life Sciences
Description:
The proteasome is widely recognised as the central enzyme of non-lysosomal protein degradation. It is responsible for intracellular protein turnover and it is also critically involved in many regulatory processes and, in higher eukaryotes, in antigen processing. The 26S proteasome is the key enzyme of the ubiquitin/ATP-dependent pathway of protein degradation. The catalytic core of this unusually large (2000kDa, 450Å in length) complex is formed by the 20S proteasome, a barrel shaped structure shown by electron microscopy to comprise of four rings each containing seven subunits. 20S Proteasomes degrade only unfolded proteins in an energy-independent manner, whereas 26S proteasomes degrade native and ubiquitinylated proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. The native protein substrates are recognised by subunits, some with ATP binding sites, of the outer 19S caps of the 26S proteasome.A second activator which can associate with the 20S proteasome in the absence of ATP is known as PA28 or the 11S regulator. The pure PA28 activator is a complex of two alternating subunits, PA28α and PA28β, which share approximately 50% homology but also show considerable similarity (30-40%) to a nuclear protein of unknown function, the Ki autoantigen (now referred to as PA28γ). These subunits, with an apparent relative molecular weight of approximately 29kDa, form ringlike heteromeric complexes of ~200kDa possibly with an α3β3 stoichiometry. Electron microscopic studies have shown PA28 to be a ring shaped particle which, like the 19S, caps the 20S proteasome, by binding to the α-rings, at both or either end. The complex may, however, be readily dissociated. The finding that PA28 modulates the proteasome-catalysed production of antigenic peptides presented to the immune system on MHC class I molecules indicates a cellular function of this activator in antigen processing.
Catalog Number:
(10366-358)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Negatively regulates the pathway by phosphorylating the scaffold protein TAXBP1 and thus promoting the assembly of the A20/TNFAIP3 ubiquitin-editing complex (composed of A20/TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1, and the E3 ligases ITCH and RNF11). Therefore, CHUK plays a key role in the negative feedback of NF-kappa-B canonical signaling to limit inflammatory gene activation. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. In turn, these complexes regulate genes encoding molecules involved in B-cell survival and lymphoid organogenesis. Participates also in the negative feedback of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathway by phosphorylating and destabilizing MAP3K14/NIK. Within the nucleus, phosphorylates CREBBP and consequently increases both its transcriptional and histone acetyltransferase activities. Modulates chromatin accessibility at NF-kappa-B-responsive promoters by phosphorylating histones H3 at 'Ser-10' that are subsequently acetylated at 'Lys-14' by CREBBP. Additionally, phosphorylates the CREBBP-interacting protein NCOA3.
Catalog Number:
(10366-354)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into the nucleus and activates the transcription of hundreds of genes involved in immune response, growth control, or protection against apoptosis. Negatively regulates the pathway by phosphorylating the scaffold protein TAXBP1 and thus promoting the assembly of the A20/TNFAIP3 ubiquitin-editing complex (composed of A20/TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1, and the E3 ligases ITCH and RNF11). Therefore, CHUK plays a key role in the negative feedback of NF-kappa-B canonical signaling to limit inflammatory gene activation. As part of the non-canonical pathway of NF-kappa-B activation, the MAP3K14-activated CHUK/IKKA homodimer phosphorylates NFKB2/p100 associated with RelB, inducing its proteolytic processing to NFKB2/p52 and the formation of NF-kappa-B RelB-p52 complexes. In turn, these complexes regulate genes encoding molecules involved in B-cell survival and lymphoid organogenesis. Participates also in the negative feedback of the non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling pathway by phosphorylating and destabilizing MAP3K14/NIK. Within the nucleus, phosphorylates CREBBP and consequently increases both its transcriptional and histone acetyltransferase activities. Modulates chromatin accessibility at NF-kappa-B-responsive promoters by phosphorylating histones H3 at 'Ser-10' that are subsequently acetylated at 'Lys-14' by CREBBP. Additionally, phosphorylates the CREBBP-interacting protein NCOA3.
Catalog Number:
(10373-052)
Supplier:
Bioss
Description:
Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promotes osteoclastic bone resorption; this requires both PTK2B/PYK2 and SRC. May inhibit differentiation and activity of osteoprogenitor cells. Functions in signaling downstream of integrin and collagen receptors, immune receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), cytokine, chemokine and growth factor receptors, and mediates responses to cellular stress. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of the AKT1 signaling cascade. Regulates production of the cellular messenger cGMP. Promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK8/JNK1. Promotes activation of Rho family GTPases, such as RHOA and RAC1. Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Acts as a scaffold, binding to both PDPK1 and SRC, thereby allowing SRC to phosphorylate PDPK1 at 'Tyr-9, 'Tyr-373', and 'Tyr-376'. Promotes phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by SRC family members, and thereby contributes to the regulation of NMDA receptor ion channel activity and intracellular Ca(2+) levels.
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